Juliette Lamboley was discovered by an agent at the age of 8 and began her career on both the small and big screens. This led to roles in popular comedies as well as auteur films, alongside Daniel Auteuil, Vincent Cassel, Monica Bellucci, Sandrine Bonnaire, Adèle Haenel, François Damiens, François Civil, Macha Méril, and more.

At fifteen, she won the Golden Nymph for Best Actress at the Monte Carlo Television Festival for Mademoiselle Gigi, directed by Caroline Huppert and adapted from Gigi, a novella by Colette.

She played Sandrine Bonnaire’s daughter in the TV movie Le Procès de Bobigny and later portrayed a young Jewish girl discovering her true identity after the war in Le Lien, alongside Marthe Keller.

At 18, she landed her first lead role in a feature film, starring opposite Daniel Auteuil in the comedy 15 ans et demi. That same year, she was named one of the César Awards' Révélations and included in Teen Vogue's "16 Young Hollywood Actors" list.

In 2011, she was selected for the Talents Cannes Adami program. She acted in English for the first time opposite Stellan Skarsgård in the adaptation of the Prix Goncourt-winning novel Rouge Brésil and appeared in Julien Abraham's film La Cité Rose.

She also featured in the critically acclaimed series Les Bracelets Rouges, a highlight of the La Rochelle Festival, and participated in the first episode of Canal+’s audio series Calls.

In 2018, she reunited with Sandrine Bonnaire for the TV movie La Vie Sauve, based on the November 13, 2015, terrorist attacks, and joined the new cast of Alexis Michalik's hit play Edmond at the Palais Royal theater.

In 2022, she appeared in Blandine Lenoir’s film Annie Colère, alongside Laure Calamy and Zita Hanrot, as well as in the Canal+ series Narvalo by Matthieu Longatte, starring Sandor Funtek.